China's Africa strategy has matured and attracted worldwide attention. Expanding China-Africa relations and the media repeated misreading of the Western powers, misunderstandings and even attack, Africa is also affected by public opinion. In 2006, British Foreign Secretary pointed out: China is doing in Africa is for the British 150 years ago. This argument drew international strategies on the China-Africa intense discussion. As the dominant Western discourse, China's national image damaged.
to the non-governmental organizations) impression. In the information era, the importance of national image is self-evident. believe that this image Create a positive national image of the subjective needs of government and civil efforts. Should be vigilant, the publicity is the weakness of China-Africa strategy, which has been a scholar of American attention. [2] This paper argues that China's Africa strategy for the international order had a significant impact. On the African strategy to refute the misreading of China and put forward a positive image of a country shape the strategy.
one. China's Africa strategy and its impact on the international order
China-Africa strategy is an integral part of national strategy, not only constitute a development strategy (such as the two resources and two markets) is an important part, but also with the international strategy (such as the establishment of a just and rational new world order) are closely related. [3]
since the founding of new China-Africa relations has gone through three stages. In the normal development of the 1950-1978 period. China's Africa strategy focuses on breaking the blockade of the West and the Soviet Union, for allies. China's assistance to focus on support to national movement of African peoples against colonialism, the struggle against hegemony of independent African countries and aid the economic development of African countries (such as the Tanzania-Zambia Railway) and Nation Building in Africa (such as a large landmark building). 1979-1994 transition year transition period. Strategic focus of the Cultural Revolution brought the end of the transfer. During this period there are two features of the African strategy, with focus on the reform and opening up and competition for African countries and Taiwan. 1989-1995, six African countries to establish diplomatic relations with Taiwan, Chinese Foreign severe setback, but also to work with Taiwan to become a vital part of the African strategy. Since 1995 for the rapid rise. New non-policy has been the impact of strategic decisions, step by step to weaken from an emphasis on ideology, the field of communication and co-operation from a single to the multiple nature of emphasis from a focus on mutual benefit and win-win economic aid to the triple transformation. [4]
new era of Sino-African relations has four characteristics: summit diplomacy to lay the basis for bilateral relations, the concept of equality constitutes the soul of this relationship, mutual benefit and win-win China-Africa Cooperation embodies the essence of the formation of regulatory mechanisms China-Africa relations have developed continuously guarantee. [5] However, China's Africa strategy faces the problem of reshaping a positive national image. The underlying reason is: the strategy of the existing international order resulted in unequal disruptive shocks. Europe and the United States long-term management of large international order is being gradually broken up in China: China's political appeal has passed the China-Africa summit in 2006 demonstrated; economic impact of the promotion that China has become Africa's second largest trading partner. Western found that: Sudan and other countries due to China's support for turning a deaf ear to their warnings; Nigeria, noncommittal and advice to the UK is too focused on projects in China; French companies in the Niger and other countries into the trading community in China has been a result can not be arbitrary; the newly established U.S. Africa Command is difficult to find even resident in the African continent.
European Union and the Council on Foreign Relations has published at the turn of 2005-2006 on non-strategic document, expressed the same concerns. European scholars, an article of Boone Te Boge concerns of the EU - China's growing influence in Africa has become a focus for European policy makers. United States United States believes that China posed a double challenge: China's protection of human rights violations and the disregard of national governance and transparency in African countries, emerging countries in the next five years, doubling of aid and strengthen the infrastructure and other projects in the public bidding and other measures will enable U.S. companies at a disadvantage. Europe and the United States that: China and India and other countries in Africa, [6] This kind of potential trouble in emerging countries and the threat of sensitive explains why the West tried to make these countries comply with existing rules of the game, be included within the established international system.
principles of international affairs and the operation of international organizations has always been to Western ideas and norms as the basis. Since the boundary into the China factor, the traditional international relations is changing: foreign aid in Africa in the philosophy, views on economic sanctions, collective action and the consistency of the arrangements on issues such as economic order gradually developed its position on the western edge is be broken. The relationship between Africa and the outside world became more active from a completely passive. The West,UGG boots clearance, China and the emerging countries of the Western Group of carefully constructed after the war up the challenge of global political and economic order, very disruptive, mainly in the following areas: subversion in modern times by the Western-dominated international order; the challenges set by the West rules of the game; the impact of the West's dominant position in Africa.
First, China and Africa cooperation and mutual respect, equality of political relations is dominated by the West to establish the theory on the real breakthrough in international relations. Secondly, mutual non-interference in internal affairs of China and Africa's foreign policy and assistance to the Western emphasis on the concept of two-way only in improving the governance capacity to provide assistance based on the idea of loss of legality and practical results. Again, economic and trade relations between China and Africa on the principle of mutual benefit that has been inherited by the colonial legacy in Africa monopoly finance, raw materials and finished processing status of the Western powers threatened. Finally, China's development model than in the Western Center on the model developed on the basis of modernization and development strategy for Africa is more reference. [7]
II. China's Africa strategy: misunderstanding, criticism and name the
the formation of China-Africa strategy is not a short span of time, both thinking the older generation of leaders, but also the contribution of a new generation of leaders. Since 1995, the rapid development of China-Africa relations to the world was impressed: both with a great stimulus to the West, but also to Africa, a strong impact. China's Africa strategy is clear: with Africa political mutual trust, mutual economic benefits and cultural new type of strategic partnership. Misunderstandings and criticism emerged. The former colonial masters on the development of Sino-African relations are very sensitive to the number of Africans and non-governmental organizations in Africa on the development of China's doubts. At present, international misunderstandings and accusations negative argument can be summarized as follows: expansion of recent years, neo-colonial theory, the energy of looting, neglect of human rights, aid modalities of harm, destruction of the environment. For the first three arguments, I have been of the author. [8] only been here for a little added.
British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw in February 2006 visit to Nigeria, said: This is the Some people said: The Chinese in Africa, the introduction of new colonialism or economic imperialism. [9], the main accused involved in this kind of misunderstanding or three points: the looting of African resources in China and the West without distinction; China-Africa economic relations not only against similar industries in Africa, also failed to address local employment issues; political control of China in Africa , the Sudan and other countries as their [10]
1995 years, China's oil imports from Africa has constantly increased. As China, India and other emerging countries demand for raw materials, raw materials prices rose rapidly in Africa, countries such as Angola and Nigeria, [11] emerging countries and cooperation in the energy sector in Africa is far more than that. In addition to enhance the price, the demand for energy led to an international focus on Africa, Africa in the overseas market, investment projects and partners so greatly increased choice. More importantly, China's investment in energy infrastructure is often coupled with improvement projects, which local and foreign investors in Africa to provide better conditions. It is puzzling that the West African imports from China Resources massive criticism, ignore the fact that the other three. First, the Western oil companies in African countries has been exploitation of oil and other resources. Erica Downs pointed out that China's oil assets in Africa is far smaller than Europe and America. In 2006, Chinese companies in Africa's oil production of 26.7 million barrels per day, only Africa's largest foreign oil company Exxon Mobil's third. Projects in Africa are not interested in projects in Europe and America, many international oil companies to abandon the project. [12] Second, China's projects are agreed and come through the international auction market. Third, China is also energy trading with other countries (Kazakhstan, Russia, Australia, etc.). Why is no one to blame for this? Why Australia welcomes the cooperation of China's energy exploration? This smacks of double standards?
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